Which is THE most significant change to make Windows restart faster?

In April 2022 I updated Windows 10 on my laptop from version 1803 (build 17134.1246) to version 21H2 (build 19044.1682). I was shocked to realize that a normal restart would now take 45 minutes!
Back in 1803 I cannot recall that it ever took more than 10 minutes.

Microsoft may have done a lot of changes over the last four years to crapify their operating system, but which of these changes has had such a devastating impact that it effectively bricks my laptop?

My question

Which is the most significant change I can make to Windows 10 (Windows 11) to speed up the restart?

My hard drive is an HDD (hard disk drive), but I am curious to learn how I can speed up the restart on an SSD (solid-state drive) as well.¹

On an SSD the bad implications from bloatware might have more to do with using up space on the hard drive than making the computer sluggish. For such an example, see thisanswer to a question on how to disable the DiagTrack service and stop Windows it from piling up useless data on the hard drive.

But also for an SSD I would like to know what can be done to use less CPU and memory on pointless activities. – Even on an SSD computer I have often met the agonizing(Not Responding) message in the title bar of my applications.

Reference

Answer to a question on how to disable the crapware DiagTrack service

^{¹ Don't tell me to replace my 2 terabytes HDD with an SSD!
That's not what I am asking about here.} 2

2 Answers

Which is the most significant change I can make to Windows 10 (Windows 11) to speed up the restart?

– My own answer (for now) is that blocking/disabling the DiagTrack service is the most significant change I can make to to speed up the restart (on an HDD).
Sections 1-3 below show three different ways to do this. Section 4 is strictly speaking not an answer to the question, but rather some extras that I think my future self will be interested in.

The DiagTrack service (in version 21H2 known as Connected User Experiences and Telemetry) is a Windows service that transmits diagnostic and usage information to Microsoft. In other words, for me as a user, this service is useless. As it turns out, it makes my computer so sluggish that I can hardly use it. So it's actually much worse than useless.

1. Disable the DiagTrack service in Windows Services

Hit WinKey+r, type (or paste) services.mscand press Enter. Sort by name and look for Connected User Experiences and Telemetry. Double-click that service.

At Service status: Running, click Stop. At Startup type: Automatic, change to Disabled.
Click OK and F5.

^{^ click to enlarge}

Restart the computer – press WinKey+x followed by U and R.
– With this single change it now takes less than 8 minutes for Windows to start up – including the time it takes to log in.

You may have to do this every timeWindows Update installs a new build version.

2. Disable the DiagTrack service from the command line

Alternatively, the DiagTrack service can be disabled from the command line as follows.

Hit WinKey+r, type cmd, hold downCtrl+Shift and press Enter.¹

Then run :²
net stop DiagTrack & sc config DiagTrack start= disabled

Expect a response like :
The Connected User Experiences and Telemetry service was stopped successfully.
or :
The Connected User Experiences and Telemetry service is not started.
and :
[SC] ChangeServiceConfig SUCCESS

3. Block the DiagTrack service permanently in the registry

A third alternative to prevent the DiagTrack service from running again is to block it by renaming its corresponding registry key.

Press WinKey+r, type regedit and hitEnter.
In the navigation bar, pasteHKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\DiagTrack,Enter.
Right-click DiagTrack and choose Rename.
Paste/type for example DiagTrack-BLOCKED!! and pressEnter. Restart for it to take effect.

As long as you don't restore the original name, the DiagTrack service is now permanently blocked and will never run again (well, not until Windows Update installs a new build version).

How to restore the DiagTrack service

If you later want to run the DiagTrack service again, just remove the suffix -BLOCKED!! so that the original name DiagTrack is restored.

Then enable and restart the service :
sc config DiagTrack start= auto & net start DiagTrack
Restart the computer.

4. More suggestions to make Windows more responsive (optional)

What I describe in this section is highly dependent on my personal preferences – so just disregard whatever you disagree with.

4a. Disable Windows Update

To disable Windows Update, in the registry add the suffix -BLOCKED!!to the following two keys :
HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\wuauserv
HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\WaaSMedicSvc
If you want more details, see thisanswer on how to completely and permanently disable Windows Update.

4b. Microsoft Chromium – or is it GoogleSoft Edge?

The following method will completely and permanently uninstall Microsoft Edge.³

Press WinKey+e, thenAlt+D, paste%ProgramFiles(x86)%\Microsoft\Edge\Applicationand hit Enter.

One of the subdirectories should contain only numbers and dots – the current version number of Edge. Double-click it, and then double-click its subdirectory by the nameInstaller.

Press Alt+D, then Ctrl+Cto copy the path to the Installer directory.

Open a command prompt as administrator (WinKey+r, type cmd, hold downCtrl+Shift, press Enter). Type cd ", press Ctrl+V to paste the path," to close the double-quote and press Enter.

Finally, paste this command :
setup.exe --uninstall --force-uninstall --system-level
and press Enter.

That's it! – No restart is needed. MS Edge will get removed.

4c. More services to block

My perception of Windows Defender is that it acts more like a virusmalware than an anti-virus goodware. In short, I don't want it in my computer.
To get rid of it, I use the same technique again – I rename the key
HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\WinDefend
to WinDefend-BLOCKED!!.
This case is bit more tricky though, as I need to restart inSafe mode to rename the key.
For more details, see this answer on how to disable Windows Defender.

There are two more registry keys to which I add the suffix-BLOCKED!! :
HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\TermService
HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\SysMain

The TermService key corresponds to the Remote Desktop Services.
By disabling it, I get one less security vulnerabilityto worry about.

The SysMain key corresponds to the SysMain service which was named PreFetch or SuperFetch in earlier versions of Windows.A malfunction can make the SysMain service cause high CPU usage.

4d. More services that I disable

As I normally don't use the Internet Information Services (IIS) Server,
I might as well disable its serviceApplication Host - tasks for IIS :
net stop AppHostSvc & sc config AppHostSvc start= disabled

The Connected Devices Platform Service makes no sense to me :
net stop CDPSvc & sc config CDPSvc start= disabled

I don't use the Downloaded Maps Manager :
net stop MapsBroker & sc config MapsBroker start= disabled

How to restore any of the disabled services

sc config <service-name> start= demand & net start <service-name>

For example :
sc config AppHostSvc start= demand & net start AppHostSvc

4e. Executables that I prevent from running

Here are some .exe files that I don't want to run on my computer. To stop them, I simply replace them with empty fileswhich have the exact same names. But before I do that, I first save the original file in a zip file and leave it in the same directory as the original file.
I might need to take ownership of the filebefore I can replace it.

C:\Windows\System32\CompatTelRunner.exe
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\OneDriveSetup.exe

Since for each file, I save a zip file containing the original.exe file, I can easily restore them if needed.

4f. Adjusting for performance

Press WinKey+r, type sysdm.cpl (and hitEnter).
Click the Advanced tab, and then Performance > Settings....
In the Visual Effects tab, I choose Custom and check the following three settings :

Animate controls and elements inside windows
Show window contents while dragging
Smooth edges of screen fonts

4g. Maybe turn off background apps?

Press WinKey+i and click Privacy. In the left pane scroll down and click Background apps.
At the top of the right pane – where it saysLet apps run in the background – turn it Off.

5. Final remarks

After spending three weeks full time on unbricking my laptop – bricked by a Windows Update – I finally feel that it starts up within (almost) reasonable time, and that it's now mostly acceptably responsive.
My laptop now restarts in less than 6 minutes – including the time it takes to log in and start some of my basic files and applications. I still wish it would restart faster, but 6 minutes instead of 45 minutes on every restart – that's clearly a considerable improvement.

Actually, I can restart my laptop in less than 3 minutes if – instead of making software restart – I shut it down (WinKey+x followed by U andU) and then restart it by pressing the physical power button. (I believe such a restart will not install any updates that may have been downloaded by Windows Update.)

References

^{¹ Holding down Ctrl+Shift makes the
command prompt open as administrator.
²Never, ever run sc delete!
³Ironically, for this method to work, you must have Edge installed.
So if you somehow already uninstalled it, the very first step is toreinstall Edge.} 4

A boot time of 10 minutes already seems pretty horrifying to me, although you apparently have grown used to it. The fact that after a large update of your disk this has increased to 45 minutes seems very alarming to me.

I suggest to:

First step is to check your disk status by its SMART data. If you don't have an application for that, you could useSpeccy, which will analyze your SMART attributes and mark them as good or bad. You may also add a screenshot of it to your post. If the disk comes out as bad, it should be replaced.
Second, and only if the SMART data is perfectly good, you should run chkdsk to check the file system for errors.
If everything is good, you should analyze your boot times to find out what is taking so much time. See the article4 BootVis Alternatives to Analyze Windows Boot Performancefor tools such as WinBootInfo and Soluto (although most are old and unsupported, they may still work). You could this way find and fix the application that is slowing the boot.

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